Gunakan Windows PowerShell untuk memasang ciri pilihan

Microsoft Windows kapal dengan satu set ciri pilihan yang dipanggil pengguna boleh mendayakan atau mematikan menggunakan applet panel kawalan "menghidupkan atau mematikan Windows".

Ini berfungsi dengan baik untuk sebahagian besar, tetapi mengharuskan anda membuka Panel Kawalan pada sistem operasi melainkan anda memuatkan tetingkap Ciri secara terus dengan menaip pilihan ikon pilihan di Start.

Walaupun itu mencukupi pada kebanyakan masa, pentadbir boleh menggunakan PowerShell juga untuk menguruskan ciri-ciri pilihan sistem operasi Windows.

Panduan berikut memberi anda gambaran mengenai bagaimana ia berfungsi pada Windows 10. Perhatikan bahawa ini mungkin tidak berfungsi pada versi Windows terdahulu seperti Windows 7.

Windows PowerShell: memasang ciri pilihan

Anda memerlukan PowerShell yang tinggi untuk arahan berikut. Ketik pada kekunci Windows, ketik kekunci kuasa, tahan kekunci Ctrl dan kekunci Shift, dan ketik kekunci Enter untuk membuka prompt PowerShell dengan keistimewaan pentadbiran.

Senaraikan semua ciri pilihan dan status mereka

Perkara pertama yang anda mungkin ingin lakukan, sekurang-kurangnya apabila anda baru menggunakan arahan, adalah untuk memaparkan senarai ciri yang tersedia.

Jalankan get-windowsoptionalfeature -online untuk menyenaraikan semua nama ciri yang ada dan keadaan mereka pada sistem komputer. Negeri ini sama ada diaktifkan atau dilumpuhkan.

Nota: parameter -online bermakna tindakan dijalankan pada peranti semasa.

Walaupun cukup mudah untuk mengenal pasti beberapa ciri oleh nama ciri, tidak mudah bagi mereka semua.

Senarai berikut adalah dari versi Windows 10 Pro versi 1809

FeatureName: Printing-PrintToPDFServices-Features
FeatureName: Windows-Defender-Default-Definitions
FeatureName: Percetakan-XPSServices-Features
FeatureName: SearchEngine-Client-Package
FeatureName: MSRDC-Infrastructure
FeatureName: TelnetClient
FeatureName: TFTP
FeatureName: TIFFIFilter
FeatureName: WorkFolders-Client
FeatureName: LegacyComponents
FeatureName: DirectPlay
FeatureName: Percetakan-Asas-Ciri-ciri
FeatureName: FaxServicesClientPackage
FeatureName: Percetakan-Foundation-InternetPrinting-Client
FeatureName: Printing-Foundation-LPDPrintService
FeatureName: Printing-Foundation-LPRPortMonitor
FeatureName: SimpleTCP
FeatureName: MicrosoftWindowsPowerShellV2Root
FeatureName: MicrosoftWindowsPowerShellV2
FeatureName: Windows-Identity-Foundation
FeatureName: Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
FeatureName: HypervisorPlatform
FeatureName: VirtualMachinePlatform
FeatureName: Client-ProjFS
FeatureName: NetFx4-AdvSrvs
FeatureName: NetFx4Extended-ASPNET45
FeatureName: IIS-WebServerRole
FeatureName: IIS-WebServer
FeatureName: IIS-CommonHttpFeatures
FeatureName: IIS-HttpErrors
FeatureName: IIS-HttpRedirect
FeatureName: IIS-Application Development
FeatureName: IIS-NetFxExtensibility
FeatureName: IIS-NetFxExtensibility45
FeatureName: IIS-HealthAndDiagnostics
FeatureName: IIS-HttpLogging
FeatureName: IIS-LoggingLibraries
FeatureName: IIS-RequestMonitor
FeatureName: IIS-HttpTracing
FeatureName: IIS-Security
FeatureName: IIS-URLAuthorization
FeatureName: IIS-RequestFiltering
FeatureName: IIS-IPSecurity
FeatureName: Prestasi IIS
FeatureName: IIS-HttpCompressionDynamic
FeatureName: IIS-WebServerManagementTools
FeatureName: IIS-ManagementScriptingTools
FeatureName: IIS-IIS6ManagementCompatibility
FeatureName: IIS-Metabase
FeatureName: WAS-WindowsActivationService
FeatureName: WAS-ProcessModel
FeatureName: WAS-NetFxEnvironment
FeatureName: WAS-ConfigurationAPI
FeatureName: IIS-HostableWebCore
FeatureName: IIS-StaticContent
FeatureName: IIS-DefaultDocument
FeatureName: IIS-DirectoryBrowsing
FeatureName: IIS-WebDAV
FeatureName: IIS-WebSockets
FeatureName: IIS-ApplicationInit
FeatureName: IIS-ASPNET
FeatureName: IIS-ASPNET45
FeatureName: IIS-ASP
FeatureName: IIS-CGI
FeatureName: IIS-ISAPIExtensions
FeatureName: IIS-ISAPIFilter
FeatureName: IIS-ServerSideIncludes
FeatureName: IIS-CustomLogging
FeatureName: IIS-BasicAuthentication
FeatureName: IIS-HttpCompressionStatic
FeatureName: IIS-ManagementConsole
FeatureName: IIS-ManagementService
FeatureName: IIS-WMICompatibility
FeatureName: IIS-LegacyScripts
FeatureName: IIS-LegacySnapIn
FeatureName: IIS-FTPServer
FeatureName: IIS-FTPSvc
FeatureName: IIS-FTPExtensibility
FeatureName: WCF-Services45
FeatureName: WCF-HTTP-Activation45
FeatureName: WCF-TCP-Activation45
FeatureName: WCF-Pipe-Activation45
FeatureName: WCF-MSMQ-Activation45
FeatureName: WCF-TCP-PortSharing45
FeatureName: MSMQ-Container
FeatureName: MSMQ-Server
FeatureName: MSMQ-Triggers
FeatureName: MSMQ-ADIntegration
FeatureName: MSMQ-HTTP
FeatureName: MSMQ-Multicast
FeatureName: MSMQ-DCOMProxy
FeatureName: WCF-HTTP-Activation
FeatureName: WCF-NonHTTP-Activation
FeatureName: IIS-CertProvider
FeatureName: IIS-WindowsAuthentication
FeatureName: IIS-DigestAuthentication
FeatureName: IIS-ClientCertificateMappingAuthentication
FeatureName: IIS-IISCertificateMappingAuthentication
FeatureName: IIS-ODBCLogging
FeatureName: NetFx3
FeatureName: SMB1Protocol
FeatureName: SMB1Protocol-Client
FeatureName: SMB1Protocol-Server
FeatureName: SMB1Protocol-Deprecation
FeatureName: MediaPlayback
FeatureName: WindowsMediaPlayer
FeatureName: Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-OC-Package
FeatureName: Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-US-OC-Package
FeatureName: Microsoft-Windows-Client-EmbeddedExp-Package
FeatureName: Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-WCF-OC-Package
FeatureName: Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-WCF-US-OC-Package
FeatureName: Containers-DisposableClientVM
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V-All
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V-Tools-All
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V-Management-PowerShell
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V-Hypervisor
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V-Services
FeatureName: Microsoft-Hyper-V-Management-Clients
FeatureName: HostGuardian
FeatureName: Client-DeviceLockdown
FeatureName: Client-EmbeddedShellLauncher
FeatureName: Client-EmbeddedBootExp
FeatureName: Client-EmbeddedLogon
FeatureName: Client-KeyboardFilter
FeatureName: Client-UnifiedWriteFilter
FeatureName: DataCenterBridging
FeatureName: DirectoryServices-ADAM-Client
FeatureName: Windows-Defender-ApplicationGuard
FeatureName: ServicesForNFS-ClientOnly
FeatureName: ClientForNFS-Infrastructure
FeatureName: Pentadbiran NFS
FeatureName: Containers
FeatureName: SmbDirect
FeatureName: MultiPoint-Connector
FeatureName: MultiPoint-Connector-Services
FeatureName: MultiPoint-Tools
FeatureName: AppServerClient
FeatureName: Internet-Explorer-Optional-amd64

Paparkan maklumat mengenai ciri

Anda boleh menggunakan parameter Contoh nama pengguna untuk memaparkan maklumat terperinci tentang ciri yang anda minati.

Perintah get-windowsoptionalfeature -online -featureename NetFx 3 misalnya mendedahkan bahawa ini memasang Framework Net. 3.5 pada sistem. Terdapat juga pautan Internet dengan syarat anda boleh klik untuk mencari maklumat tambahan dalam talian.

Dayakan atau nyahdayakan ciri pilihan

Anda boleh menggunakan arahan PowerShell untuk mendayakan atau melumpuhkan ciri-ciri pilihan pada mesin Windows 10.

Perintah Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName dan Disable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName digunakan untuk itu.

Untuk memberikan anda dua contoh untuk menunjukkan kepada anda cara kerja:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName "NetFx3" -All - Perintah ini memasang Rangka Kerja Bersih 3.5 pada komputer arahan dijalankan.
Lumpuhkan-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName "NetFx3" - Perintah ini menyahaktifkan ciri lagi.

Parameter-parameter tersebut memberitahu Windows untuk memasang sebarang kebergantungan. Jadi, jika ciri induk diperlukan untuk pemasangan ciri yang dipilih, ia dipasang juga. Nota: Lumpuhkan tidak menyokong parameter Parameter Semua.